This dissertation deals with the distributed processing techniques for parameter estimation and efficient data-gathering in wireless communication and sensor networks. The estimation problem consists in inferring a set of parameters from temporal and spatial noisy observations collected by different nodes that monitor an area or field. The objective is to derive an estimate that is as accurate as the one that would be obtained if each node had access to the information across the entire network. With the aim of enabling an energy aware and low-complexity distributed implementation of the estimation task, several useful optimization techniques that generally yield linear estimators were derived in the literature. Up to now, most of the works considered that the nodes are interested in estimating the same vector of global parameters. This scenario can be viewed as a special case of a more general ...

Distributed signal processing algorithms have become a key approach for statistical inference in wireless networks and applications such as wireless sensor networks and smart grids. It is well known that distributed processing techniques deal with the extraction of information from data collected at nodes that are distributed over a geographic area. In this context, for each specific node, a set of neighbor nodes collect their local information and transmit the estimates to a specific node. Then, each specific node combines the collected information together with its local estimate to generate an improved estimate. In this thesis, novel distributed cooperative algorithms for inference in ad hoc, wireless sensor networks and smart grids are investigated. Low-complexity and effective algorithms to perform statistical inference in a distributed way are devised. A number of innovative approaches for dealing with node failures, compression of data ...

This dissertation details two classes of cooperative localization methods for wireless networks in mixed line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight (LOS/NLOS) environments. The classes of methods depend on the amount of prior knowledge available. The methods used for both classes are based on the assumptions in practical localization environments that neither NLOS identification nor experimental campaigns are affordable. Two major contributions are, first, in methods that provide satisfactory localization accuracy whilst relaxing the requirement on statistical knowledge about the measurement model. Second, in methods that provide significantly improved localization performance without the requirement of good initialization. In the first half of the dissertation, cooperative localization using received signal strength (RSS) measurements in homogeneous mixed LOS/NLOS environments is considered for the case where the key model parameter, the path loss exponent, is unknown. The approach taken is to model the positions and the path ...

Recent academic developments have initiated a paradigm shift in the way spatial sensor data can be acquired. Traditional localized and regularly arranged sensor arrays are replaced by sensor nodes that are randomly distributed over the entire spatial field, and which communicate with each other or with a master node through wireless communication links. Together, these nodes form a so-called ‘wireless sensor network’ (WSN). Each node of a WSN has a local sensor array and a signal processing unit to perform computations on the acquired data. The advantage of WSNs compared to traditional (wired) sensor arrays, is that many more sensors can be used that physically cover the full spatial field, which typically yields more variety (and thus more information) in the signals. It is likely that future data acquisition, control and physical monitoring, will heavily rely on this type of ...

The effectiveness of machine learning (ML) in today's applications largely depends on the goodness of the representation of data used within the ML algorithms. While the massiveness in dimension of modern day data often requires lower-dimensional data representations in many applications for efficient use of available computational resources, the use of uncorrelated features is also known to enhance the performance of ML algorithms. Thus, an efficient representation learning solution should focus on dimension reduction as well as uncorrelated feature extraction. Even though Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear autoencoders are fundamental data preprocessing tools that are largely used for dimension reduction, when engineered properly they can also be used to extract uncorrelated features. At the same time, factors like ever-increasing volume of data or inherently distributed data generation impede the use of existing centralized solutions for representation learning that require ...

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of wireless devices for individual use to the point of being ubiquitous. Recent trends have been incorporating many of these devices (or nodes) together, which acquire signals and work in unison over wireless channels, in order to accomplish a predefined task. This type of cooperative sensing and communication between devices form the basis of a so-called wireless sensor network (WSN). Due to the ever increasing processing power of these nodes, WSNs are being assigned more complicated and computationally demanding tasks. Recent research has started to exploit this increased processing power in order for the WSNs to perform tasks pertaining to audio signal acquisition and processing forming so-called wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs). Audio signal processing poses new and unique problems when compared to traditional sensing applications as the signals observed often have ...

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of wireless devices for individual use to the point of being ubiquitous. Recent trends have been incorporating many of these devices (or nodes) together, which acquire signals and work in unison over wireless channels, in order to accomplish a predefined task. This type of cooperative sensing and communication between devices form the basis of a so-called wireless sensor network (WSN). Due to the ever increasing processing power of these nodes, WSNs are being assigned more complicated and computationally demanding tasks. Recent research has started to exploit this increased processing power in order for the WSNs to perform tasks pertaining to audio signal acquisition and processing forming so-called wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs). Audio signal processing poses new and unique problems when compared to traditional sensing applications as the signals observed often have ...

The first part of this dissertation considers distributed learning problems over networked agents. The general objective of distributed adaptation and learning is the solution of global, stochastic optimization problems through localized interactions and without information about the statistical properties of the data. Regularization is a useful technique to encourage or enforce structural properties on the resulting solution, such as sparsity or constraints. A substantial number of regularizers are inherently non-smooth, while many cost functions are differentiable. We propose distributed and adaptive strategies that are able to minimize aggregate sums of objectives. In doing so, we exploit the structure of the individual objectives as sums of differentiable costs and non-differentiable regularizers. The resulting algorithms are adaptive in nature and able to continuously track drifts in the problem; their recursions, however, are subject to persistent perturbations arising from the stochastic nature of ...

Recent technological advances in analogue and digital electronics as well as in hardware miniaturization have taken wireless sensing devices to another level by introducing low-power communication protocols, improved digital signal processing capabilities and compact sensors. When these devices perform a certain pre-defined signal processing task such as the estimation or detection of phenomena of interest, a cooperative scheme through wireless connections can significantly enhance the overall performance, especially in adverse conditions. The resulting network consisting of such connected devices (or nodes) is referred to as a wireless sensor network (WSN). In acoustical applications (e.g., speech enhancement) a variant of WSNs, called wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs) can be employed in which the sensing unit at each node consists of a single microphone or a microphone array. The nodes of such a WASN can then cooperate to perform a multi-channel acoustic ...

The proliferation of technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) has led to rapid growth in the number of connected devices and the volume of data associated with IoT applications. It is expected that more than 125 billion IoT devices will be connected to the Internet by 2030. With the plethora of wireless IoT devices, we are moving towards the connected world which is the guiding principle for the IoT. The next generation of IoT network should be capable of interconnecting heterogeneous IoT sensor or devices for effective Device-to-Device (D2D), Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications as well as facilitating various IoT services and applications. Therefore, the next generation of IoT networks is expected to meet the capacity demand of such a network of billions of IoT devices. The current underlying wireless network is based on Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) ...

In this thesis we focus on the development of energy-efficient adaptive algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks. Its contributions can be arranged in two main lines. Firstly, we focus on the efficient management of energy resources in WSNs equipped with finite-size batteries and energy-harvesting devices. To that end, we propose a censoring scheme by which the nodes are able to decide if a message transmission is worthy or not given their energetic condition. In order to do so, we model the system using a Markov Decision Process and use this model to derive optimal policies. Later, these policies are analyzed in simplified scenarios in order to get insights of their features. Finally, using Stochastic Approximation, we develop low-complexity censoring algorithms that approximate the optimal policy, with less computational complexity and faster convergence speed than other approaches such as Q-learning. Secondly, we ...

Future wireless networks will evolve to integrate communication, localization, and sensing capabilities. This evolution is driven by emerging application platforms such as digital twins, on the one hand, and advancements in wireless technologies, on the other, characterized by increased bandwidths, more antennas, and enhanced computational power. Crucial to this development is the application of artificial intelligence (AI), which is set to harness the vast amounts of available data in the sixth-generation (6G) of mobile networks and beyond. Integrating AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms, in particular, with wireless localization offers substantial opportunities to refine communication systems, improve the ability of wireless networks to locate the users precisely, enable context-aware transmission, and utilize processing and energy resources more efficiently. In this dissertation, advanced ML algorithms for enhanced wireless localization are proposed. Motivated by the capabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs) and ...

The unprecedented processing demand, posed by the explosion of big data, challenges researchers to design efficient and adaptive machine learning algorithms that do not require persistent retraining and avoid learning redundant information. Inspired from learning techniques of intelligent biological agents, identifying transferable knowledge across learning problems has been a significant research focus to improve machine learning algorithms. In this thesis, we address the challenges of knowledge transfer through embedding spaces that capture and store hierarchical knowledge. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the problem of cross-domain knowledge transfer. We first address zero-shot image classification, where the goal is to identify images from unseen classes using semantic descriptions of these classes. We train two coupled dictionaries which align visual and semantic domains via an intermediate embedding space. We then extend this idea by training deep networks that ...

The analysis and design of new non-centralized learning algorithms for potential application in distributed adaptive estimation is the focus of this thesis. Such algorithms should be designed to have low processing requirement and to need minimal communication between the nodes which would form a distributed network. They ought, moreover, to have acceptable performance when the nodal input measurements are coloured and the environment is dynamic. Least mean square (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) type incremental distributed adaptive learning algorithms are first introduced on the basis of a Hamiltonian cycle through all of the nodes of a distributed network. These schemes require each node to communicate only with one of its neighbours during the learning process. An original steady-steady performance analysis of the incremental LMS algorithm is performed by exploiting a weighted spatial-temporal energy conservation formulation. This analysis confirms that ...

This PhD thesis considers the problem of locating some target nodes in different wireless infrastructures such as wireless cellular radio networks and wireless sensor networks. To be as realistic as possible, mixed line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight (LOS/NLOS) localization environment is introduced. Both the conventional non-cooperative localization and the new emerging cooperative localization have been studied thoroughly. Owing to the random nature of the measurements, probabilistic methods are more advanced as compared to the old-fashioned geometric methods. The gist behind the probabilistic methods is to infer the unknown positions of the target nodes in an estimation process, given a set of noisy position related measurements, a probabilistic measurement model, and a few known reference positions. In contrast to the majority of the existing methods, harsh but practical constraints are taken into account: neither offline calibration nor non-line-of-sight state identification is equipped in ...